The current legal framework governing cooperative members and their effective role in decision-making processes, based on their rights and obligations
Abstract
This analysis examines the models of member participation in cooperatives in Spain and other representative European countries: Italy, France, and Germany. Each country has a well-established cooperative system but with different regulatory and cultural approaches. The aim is to provide an overview of how member participation is structured within the legal and organizational frameworks of these nations, to determine the current level of member participation in cooperatives, and to identify lessons that can be learned to improve the model.
Received: 15 November 2025; Accepted: 23 March 2026
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Last update: 29/06/2026
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